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The Heart?Info
The heart is the body's engine room, responsible for pumping life-sustaining blood via a 60,000-mile-long (97,000-kilometer-long) network of vessels. The organ works ceaselessly, beating 100,000 times a day, 40 million times a year—in total clocking up three billion heartbeats over an average lifetime. It keeps the body freshly supplied with oxygen and nutrients, while clearing away harmful waste matter.
The fetal heart evolves through several different stages inside the womb, first resembling a fish's heart, then a frog's, which has two chambers, then a snake's, with three, before finally adopting the four-chambered structure of the human heart.
About the size of its owner's clenched fist, the organ sits in the middle of the chest, behind the breastbone and between the lungs, in a moistened chamber that is protected all round by the rib cage. It's made up of a special kind of muscle (cardiac muscle) that works involuntarily, so we don't have to think about it. The heart speeds up or slow downs automatically in response to nerve signals from the brain that tell it how much the body is being exerted. Normally the heart contracts and relaxes between 70 and 80 times per minute, each heartbeat filling the four chambers inside with a fresh round of blood.
These cavities form two separate pumps on each side of the heart, which are divided by a wall of muscle called the septum. The upper chamber on each side is called the atrium. This is connected via a sealing valve to the larger, more powerful lower chamber, or ventricle. The left ventricle pumps most forcefully, which is why a person's heartbeat is felt more on the left side of the chest.
When the heart contracts, the chambers become smaller, forcing blood first out of the atria into the ventricles, then from each ventricle into a large blood vessel connected to the top of the heart. These vessels are the two main arteries. One of them, the pulmonary artery, takes blood to the lungs to receive oxygen. The other, the aorta, transports freshly oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The vessels that bring blood to the heart are the veins. The two main veins that connect to the heart are called the vena cava.
Real oneSince the heart lies at the center of the blood delivery system, it is also central to life. Blood both supplies oxygen from the lungs to the other organs and tissues and removes carbon dioxide to the lungs, where the gas is breathed out. Blood also distributes nourishment from the digestive system and hormones from glands. Likewise our immune system cells travel in the bloodstream, seeking out infection, and blood takes the body's waste products to the kidneys and liver to be sorted out and trashed.
Given the heart's many essential functions, it seems wise to take care of it. Yet heart disease has risen steadily over the last century, especially in industrialized countries, due largely to changes in diet and lifestyle. It has become the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States, claiming almost 700,000 lives a year, or 29 percent of the annual total. Worldwide, 7.2 million people die from heart disease every year.
Sultan Muhammad al-Fateh dilahirkan pada 27 Rejab 835 Hijrah bersamaan 29 Mac 1432 M dan mangkat pada 3 Mei 1481.Ketika berumur 19 tahun beliau menaiki takhta menggantikan ayahandanya Sultan Murad.Baginda menjadikan Adrianopel(Adana) pusat pemerintahan dan ibu kotanya bagi memudahkan cita-citanya menawan Konstantinopel.Dan ketika berusia 21 tahun Sultan Muhammad al-Fateh berjaya menakluk Konstantinopel pada 29 Mei 1453 bersamaan 20 Jamadil Awal 857 Hijrah.
Kota Konstantinopel yang kini dinamakan Istanbul(yang bermaksud Islam keseluruhannya),terletak di sempadan antara benua Eropah dengan Asia.Ia dihubungkan oleh Selat Bosphorus.Sebelum itu Kota Konstantinopel pernah cuba ditakluk oleh bangsa Gothik,Parsi,Bulgaria dan Rusia tetapi tidak berjaya.Umat Islam berusaha menawan kota tersebut kerana percaya dengan hadis Rasulullah SAW yang mengatakan Kota Konstantinopel ditawan oleh orang Islam.
